


These last are the House Sparrows, European Starlings, Mallards, Canada Geese, House Finches, and Chimney Swifts that are sometimes so abundant as to be overwhelming.

Marzluff divides birds into three categories: avoiders, those birds that cannot adapt and whose local populations decline adapters, mostly native birds who are able to find enough resources in the built environment to survive and exploiters, birds that thrive in populated areas and therefore are now mostly found in towns and cities. What happens to the birds, he asks, when humans alter their ecosystems by building new neighborhoods on once-forested or otherwise previously wild land? Marzluff, a Seattle-based ornithologist who studies bird populations in built environments. I’m currently reading a book titled “Welcome to Subirdia” by John M.
